医院药学/常用药物的药代动力学参数参考表
医学电子书 >> 《医院药学》 >> 附录 >> 常用药物的药代动力学参数参考表 |
药物名称 |
消除速率常数k或β(hr-1) |
半衰期tl/2或tl/2β |
口服吸收(%) |
表现分布容积vb(mg/L) |
有效血浓度范围(mg/L) |
峰时tm(hr) |
蛋白结合率BP(%) |
消除率Cls[L/(hr.kg)] |
解离指数pKa |
乙基西梭霉素Nctilmicin |
0.312 |
2.23 |
0.25-0.3 |
4-8 |
0.5-1.0(IM) |
0.78 |
|||
乙氧萘青霉素Nafillin |
1.39 |
0.5 |
0 |
0.28 |
0.5-1.0(IM) |
90 |
0.39 |
2.6(-COO-) |
|
乙胺丁醇Ethambutol |
0.198 |
3.5 |
30 |
1.87 |
1-10 |
2-4(PO |
40 |
0.37 |
|
乙琥胺Ethosuximide |
成人50-60儿童30-50 |
100 |
成人0.62儿童0.69 |
40-100 |
2-4(PO |
<2 |
成人0.01-0.013儿童0.016 |
1.3 |
|
乙酰唑胺Acetazolamide |
0.169 |
4.1 2.4-5.8 |
>90 |
0.2 |
10-10.5 10-15 |
0.034 |
7.2 9.0 |
||
乙酰普鲁卡因胺Acetylprocainamide |
0.082 |
8.5 |
85 |
1.5 |
2-20 |
10 |
0.12 |
||
二甲胺四环素Minocycline |
12 |
90 |
0.43 |
0.5-3.0 |
1-3(PO |
75 |
0.025 |
||
二性霉素B AmphotericinB |
0.029 |
18-24 |
<3 |
0.5-1.0 |
>90 |
0.025 |
|||
二氮嗪Diazoxid |
21-36 |
100 |
0.2 |
90-95 |
0.005 |
||||
丁胺卡那霉素Amikacin |
0.283-0.311 |
2-3 |
90-100 |
0.25 |
10-25 |
1.0(IM) |
0-20 |
0.069 |
|
三氯乙醇Trichlorethanol |
4-8 |
0.6 |
0.5(PO |
40 |
0.07 |
||||
碘甲腺氯酸钠T3 |
33 |
90-100 |
70-160 |
1-2 |
99.5 |
0.014 |
|||
万古霉素Vancomycin |
0.12 |
6-8 |
0.47 |
0.2(IV) |
10 |
0.047 |
|||
土霉素Cxytetracycline |
0.069 |
6-9 |
60-80 |
1.9 |
1.0-10.0 |
1-3(PO) |
20-30 |
0.18 |
|
双异丙吡胺Dicopyramide |
0.154 |
4.5-7 |
70-100 |
0.8-1.9 |
总药浓度2-5游离药浓度0.5-2 |
0.5-3 |
10-80(与血药浓度有关) |
0.0015-0.004 |
8.34 |
双氯青霉素Dicloxacillin |
0.99 |
0.5-0.9 |
0.29 |
15-18 |
1.0(IM) |
96 |
0.29 |
||
水合氯醛Choral Hydrate |
4-8 |
0.6 |
10 |
0.5(PO) |
40 |
0.07 |
|||
心得静Pondolol |
3-4 |
100 |
2.0 |
0.05-0.15 |
1-3 |
0.4 |
|||
3 |
>90 |
2.0-4.6 |
0.01-0.2 |
1-1.5(PO) |
90-95 |
0.7 |
9.5 |
||
心得怡Sotalol |
5-13 |
80-90 |
0.7 |
0.5-4 |
2-3 |
0.054 |
9.8 |
||
心得舒Alprenolol |
3 |
>90 |
3.3 |
0.03-0.1 |
0.5-1.0(PO) |
85 |
0.76 |
9.7 |
|
对乙酰氨基酚Paracetamol |
2-4 |
85-100 |
0.8-1.0 |
1-10 |
0.5-1.0(PO) |
25 |
0.21 |
||
扑米酮Primidone |
成人6-8儿童5-8 |
80-90 |
0.6 |
6-15 |
2-4(PO |
20-30 |
单独用药0.0309合并用药0.0739 |
||
去甲丙咪嗪Desipramine |
10-26 |
28-60 |
0.15-0.3 |
2-8(PO |
90 |
1.69 |
10.2 |
||
去甲金霉素Demethylchlortetracycline |
0.07-0.043 |
10-16 |
60-80 |
1-2 |
0.5-3 |
1-4(PO |
50 |
0.08 |
|
去甲替林Nortrpytline |
27 |
60 |
20 |
0.05-0.16 |
4-9(PO) |
92-96 |
0.5 |
||
丙咪嗪Imipramine |
8-16 |
80-100 |
20-40 |
0.15-0.5 |
0.5-1.0(PO) |
95 |
1.73 |
9.5 |
|
丙基硫氧嘧啶Propylthiouracil |
2-4 |
80 |
0.2-0.4 |
1.0(PO) |
75 |
0.07 |
8.3 |
||
丙磺舒Probenecid |
6-18 |
100 |
0.12-0.18 |
100-200 |
1-5(PO) |
85-95 |
0.01 |
3.4 |
|
布洛芬Brufen |
2 |
0.15 |
0.5-1.5(PO) |
99 |
0.052 |
||||
左旋多巴Leayodopa |
3 |
20-30(吸收) |
0.5-4 |
8.2 |
|||||
白霉素Leucomycin |
0.139 |
4.5-5.5 |
2(PO) |
72 |
|||||
苷珀酸Carbenoxolne |
13-16 |
0.1 |
1-2(空腹PO)饭后(PO) |
0.005 |
|||||
甲硝唑Metronidazole |
6-14 |
90-100 |
0.6-0.7 |
5-20 |
1-2(PO) |
5-20 |
0.045 |
||
可待因Codeine |
0.231 |
2-4 |
50 |
3.45 |
0.025 |
1.0(PO) |
0.8 |
8.2 |
|
戊巴比妥Pentobarbital |
21-42 |
70-80 |
0.7 |
1-4 |
初次用药6-18长期用药37 |
60-70 |
0.015 |
8.1 |
|
卡马西平Carbamazepine |
成人10-30儿童8-19 |
90-100 |
0.8-1.4 |
4-12 |
1.0-2.0(IM) |
65-85 |
成人初次用药0.011-0.026儿童初次用药0.028 |
||
卡那霉素Kanamycin |
0.289-0.33 |
2-2.5 |
90-95 |
0.25 |
2-8 |
0.5-1.0(IM)1.0(PO) |
0 |
0.077 |
7.2 |
0.655 |
0.83-1.2 |
90-95 |
0.26 |
G(+) 0.5-3G(-)1.0-12 |
15min(IV)0.5-1.0(IM) |
10-15 |
0.18 |
5.3(-COOH-)7.3(-NH2) |
|
1.155 |
0.6 |
90-95 |
0.23 |
G(+) 0.5-3G(-)1.0-12 |
40-50 |
0.27 |
|||
头孢娄利定(先锋II)Cephaloridine |
0.62 |
1-1.5 |
90-95 |
0.25 |
同上 |
同上 |
20 10-30 |
0.14 |
|
1.4 |
0.5-1.0 |
90-95 |
0.25 |
同上 |
同上 |
65 60-80 |
0.23 |
||
0.77 |
0.9 |
80-95 |
G(+) 0.5-3G(-)1.0-12 |
15min(IV)0.5-1.0IM |
24 |
4.7 |
|||
0.385 |
1.4-2.2 |
90-95 |
0.15 |
同上 |
5.0-1.0(IM)5min(PO) |
75-85 |
0.058 |
2.3 |
|
0.809-0.994 |
40-50min |
90-95 |
0.25 |
同上 |
1.0(PO)5min(IV) |
5-20 |
0.23 |
||
头孢曲(先锋Ⅶ)Cephacetrile |
0.462 |
1.5 |
90-95 |
0.27 |
G(+) 0.5-3G(-)1.0-12 |
1.0(PO)5min(IV) |
22.34 |
0.125 |
1.97 |
甲状腺素Thyroxine |
144-168 |
90-95 |
0.1-0.2 |
0.03-0.04 |
99.95 |
0.067 |
|||
甲氧苄胺嘧定Trimethoprim |
0.07 |
8-12 |
2 |
0.5-12 |
1.5-3.3(PO) |
14 |
0.14 |
7.2 |
|
1.386 |
0.5-1 |
0 |
0.3-0.42 |
1- |
0.5(IM) |
50 35-60 |
0.33 |
2.7 |
|
甲基多巴Methyldopa |
0.35 |
2 |
0.5 |
>2 |
4(PO) |
0-20 |
0.17 |
2.2(-COOH)10.6(-NH)12.0(-OH) |
|
甲基多粘菌素 |
0.154 |
405 |
0.5 |
1-2(IM) |
0.077 |
||||
甲烯土霉素Methacycline |
0.0533 |
10-16 |
60-68 |
0.97 |
1.0-10.0 |
1-4(PO)-3(PO) |
70 |
0.052 |
|
甲苯磺丁脲Tobutamide |
4-8 |
85-100 |
0.1-0.15 |
50-100 |
98 |
0.014 |
5.3 |
||
对基水杨酸Para aminosalicylic acid |
0.77 |
0.9 |
Sol:100混液:70片:90 |
0.23 |
0.6 |
Na:盐0.5-1.0酸型3-4(PO) |
65 |
0.18 |
1.8(-NH)3.6(-COOH) |
四环素Tetracycline |
0.099 |
6-10 |
60-80 |
1-2 |
1.0-10.0 |
1-3(PO) |
25-30 |
0.13 |
8.3 |
地高辛Digoxin |
0.017 |
30-50 |
50-93 |
6-10 |
0.0006-0.0018 |
1-2(PO)0.5-0.75 |
25 |
0.14 |
|
西梭霉素Sisomicin |
0.305-0.347 |
2.0-2.5 |
0.25-0.3 |
4-8 |
0.75-1.0(IM) |
0-20 |
0.85 |
||
灰黄霉素Griseofulyin |
8-24 |
40-70(微晶型) |
1-2 |
0.3-1.3 |
2-4(PO) |
0.065 |
|||
华法令Warfarin |
0.016 |
44 15-60 |
100 |
0.1 |
1-10 |
2-8(PO) |
99 |
0.0019 |
4.8 5.0 |
优降糖Glybenznyclamide |
5-2 |
0.1 |
2-6(PO) |
99-95 |
0.008 |
||||
多粘菌素B PolymyxinB |
0.16 |
3-8 |
0.5-4.0 |
2 (IM) |
<10 |
8.9 |
|||
0.31 |
1.5-8 |
0.5 |
1-2 (IM) |
<10 |
0.07 |
8.9 |
|||
红霉素Erythromycin |
0.462 |
1.5-3 |
40 |
0.6 |
0.5-3 |
1-4 (PO) |
70-90 |
0.185 |
8.8(-NH2) |
吗啡Morphine |
1.5-2.5 |
20 |
1 |
0.07-0.1 |
10-20min (IM) |
35 |
0.35 |
8.0 9.0 |
|
庆大霉素Gentamycin |
0.35 |
2 |
<5 |
0.25 |
3-8 |
0.5-1 (IM) |
25-30 |
0.087 |
|
氯,贝丁酯(安妥明)Clofibrate |
8-16 |
90-100 |
0.12 |
80-150 |
96 |
0.007 |
|||
安定Diazepam |
20-50 |
75-100 |
0.2 |
0.1-1 |
1-2 (PO) |
98 |
0.004 |
||
10min |
90(吸收) |
0.05 |
3 (PO) |
90 |
0.21 |
3.4 |
|||
安替比林Antipyrine |
10-15 |
100 |
0.48-0.7 |
10 |
0.033 |
||||
异丙肾上腺素Isoprenaline |
2.5 |
0.5 |
80min (PO) 10min(吸入) |
0.14 |
1.4 |
||||
异烟肼Isoniazide |
0.193 0.63 |
3.6(慢乙酰化型)0.7-2(快乙酰化型) |
90 |
0.6 |
0.5-1.0 |
1-2 (PO) |
18-30 |
0.12 0.31 |
1.8 3.5 10.8 |
抗癫灵Antiepilepsirin |
8-15 |
0.15-0. 4 |
1-4 (PO) |
90 |
0.016 |
||||
哌替定Pethidine |
2-4 |
50-70 |
4.7 |
0.2-0.6 |
1-2(IM) |
60 65-75 |
1.09 |
8.7 |
|
苄二甲胍Bethanidine |
7-15 |
50-100 |
6 |
1-5 (PO) |
8 |
0.38 |
|||
呋喃妥因Nitrofurantoin |
0.7 |
1.0 |
0.71 |
1-2 |
2 (PO) |
50-60 |
0.49 |
7.2 |
|
别嘌醇Allopurine |
2-8 |
80 |
2-6 (PO) |
9.0 |
|||||
利多卡因Lidocaine |
0.46 |
1.5 |
20-50 |
1.6 (0.58-1.19) |
2-5 |
2-5min(IV)0.5(IM) |
60-70 |
0.74 |
7.9 |
利福平Rifampicin |
0.25 |
2-5 |
90-95 |
0.6 |
0.5-10 |
1-2 (PO) |
90 |
0.12 |
|
邻氯青霉素Cloxacillin |
1.39 |
0.5 |
50-80 |
0.15 |
7-14 |
1.0 (IM) |
94 |
0.21 |
2.7 |
妥布霉素Tobramycin |
0.251-0.347 |
1.5-3.5 |
90-100 |
0.25 |
2-10 |
1.0 (IM) |
0-20 |
0.07 |
|
纳洛酮Naloxone |
0.693 |
1 |
20 |
3 |
0.15-1 (IM) |
2.1 |
|||
阿托品Atropine |
3-4 13-38 |
2-4 10 |
15-50 min (IM) 1.0(PO) |
50 |
0.59 0.27 |
9.9 |
|||
阿米替林Amitriptyline |
8-20 32-40 |
65 |
8.8 |
0.05-0.3 |
95-98 |
0.44 0.17 |
9.4 |
||
Acid |
2.0-30(min) |
80-100 |
0.15-0.2 |
20-100(解热镇痛)100-250(抗炎) |
1-2 (PO) |
50-80 |
0.29 |
3.5 |
|
环磷酰胺Cyclophosphamide |
0.107 |
3-11 |
0.4-0.6 |
1.0 (PO) |
10-20 |
0.05 |
|||
青霉素Penicillin |
1.386 |
0.5 |
15 (20-40) |
0.25 |
1.5-1.0 |
0.25-0.5 (IM) |
65 |
0.35 |
2.8 |
青紫霉素Lividomycin |
0.277-0.372 |
2-2.5 |
1-2 (IM) |
20-30 |
|||||
0.231 |
3 |
50-70 |
5-10 |
100-240(ng-/ml) |
2-4 (PO) |
20-25 |
1.73 |
||
苯巴比妥Phenobarbital |
成人53-140儿童37-94 |
>90 |
成人0.7儿童0.7-1.2 |
15-40 |
6-18 (PO) |
45-50 |
成人0.0032老人0.0024儿童0.0082新生儿0.0064 |
7.3 |
|
苯妥英钠Phenytoin |
成人18-30儿童12-22 |
90 |
0.6-0.8 |
10-20 |
4 3-10 (PO) |
88-92 |
0.029 |
803 |
|
苯海拉明Diphenhydramine |
4-10 |
50 |
3-4 |
0.01-0.1 |
2-4 (PO) |
98-99 |
0.35 |
9.0 7.7 |
|
苯唑青霉素Oxacillin |
1.386 |
0.5-1.0 |
70 |
0.25 |
5-6 |
1.0(PO)0.5-1.0 (IM) |
90 |
0.23 |
|
苯磺唑酮Sulfinpyrazine |
3-5 |
90-100 |
0.15 |
1.0(PO) |
98-99 |
0.026 |
|||
林可霉素Limcoycin |
0.154 |
4-6 |
40 |
0.35 |
2-10 |
2-4 (PO) 1-2 (IM) |
70 |
0.049 |
7.6(-NH2) |
金刚烷胺Amamtadin |
0.315 |
22 |
90-100 |
6 |
1-4 (PO) |
0.19 |
|||
肼苯达嗪Hydralazine |
2-8 |
80(吸收) |
0.3-0.7 |
0.5-1.5 |
1-4 (PO) |
87 |
0.07 |
||
5-氟胞嘧啶5-Flurocytosine |
0.23 |
3-6 |
2-6 (PO) |
48 |
|||||
氟哌啶醇Haloperidol |
18-30 |
20-30 |
3-6 (PO) |
0.72 |
|||||
氟氯青霉素Flucloxacillin |
1.39 |
0.50.8 |
45 |
0.12-0.25 |
.04 |
96 |
0.2 |
||
氢化可的松Hydrocortisone |
0.462 |
0.5-2 |
100 |
.03 |
95 |
0.17 |
|||
茶碱Theophylline |
0.115 |
3-9 |
>95 |
0.3-0.6 |
7.5-20 |
1-3 (PO) |
20 |
0.052 |
|
保泰松Phenylbutazone |
24-120 |
90-100 |
0.1-0.35 |
40-150 |
1-2 (PO) |
90-98 |
0.002 |
||
秋水仙碱Colchicine |
0.462 |
0.5-1.5 |
2 |
0.5-2(PO) |
1.39 |
||||
1.4-3.5 |
0-60 |
0.1-0.2 |
0.1-0.2 |
1.0(PO)0.5(IM) |
95-99 |
0.042 |
|||
奎尼丁Quinidine |
0.096 |
3-16 |
40-90 |
0.5-3.0 |
2-8 |
1-2 (PO) 30-90 min (IM) |
60-80 |
0.13 |
|
洋地黄毒甙Digitoxin |
0.0058 |
96-168 |
90-100 |
0.5 |
0.01-0.035 |
1-3 (PO) |
95-97 |
0.0026 |
|
美沙酮Meygadone |
0.091 |
7.6-15 |
100 |
1.5 |
0.48-0.86 |
4 (PO) |
84-87 |
0.09 |
|
美多心安Metoprolol |
3-4 |
50 |
5.6 |
1.11 |
|||||
甲氨喋呤Methotrexate |
2-3.5 |
成人0.75-0.8儿童 |
0.2-1.0 (PO) |
1-3 |
50-70 |
4.3 5.5 |
|||
氨喋青霉素Ampicillin |
0.6 |
1-1.5 |
50 |
0.4 |
2-8 |
0.5-1.0(IM) |
20 |
0.22 |
2.5(-COOH)7.2(-NH2) |
6-9 |
50-60 |
0.7 |
0.2-1.3 |
2-4 |
0.065 |
||||
胺甲苯辛胺Tolamolol |
0.35 |
2.5 |
30 |
3.2 |
2 |
0.89 |
|||
胍乙啶Guanethidine |
43-120 |
50-80 |
3(OP) |
8.3 11.4 |
|||||
胰岛素Insulin |
10min |
0.6 |
10-20μU/ml |
1-10 |
2.5 |
||||
吲哚美辛Indomethacin |
2-10 |
9-100 |
0.3-1.6 |
0.5-3 |
1-2 (OP) |
90 |
0.11 |
||
莨菪碱Hyoscyamiue |
13-38 |
2-4 |
15-50min(IM)1.0(OP) |
50 |
0.082 |
9.7 |
|||
唑酮头孢菌素Cephanone |
0.277 |
2.5 |
0.47 |
88 |
0.047 |
||||
萘啶酸Nalidixic acid |
0.43 |
1.5-2.0 |
0.26-0.45 |
93 |
0.14 |
||||
羧苄青霉素Carbenicillin |
0.462 |
1-1.5 |
<10 |
0.18 |
10-150 |
0.5-1.0(IM) |
50 |
0.071 |
2.7(-COOH)2.7-3.9(-NH2) |
羟苄四唑头孢菌素Cefamandole |
0.7 |
1.0 |
90-95 |
0.31 |
15min(IV)0.5-1.0(IM) |
75 |
0.22 |
||
羟氨苄青霉素Amoxicillin |
0.7 |
1.0-1.5 |
80-90 |
0.47 |
2-8 |
1.0(IM) |
15-20 |
0.26 |
2.4(-COOH)7.4(-NH2) |
硫酸奎宁Quinine sulfate |
0.13 |
5.3 |
100 |
2.0 |
2-5 |
1-2(PO) |
70 |
0.26 |
4.1 8.4 |
紫霉素Viomycin |
0.35 |
2 |
0.24 |
2(IM) |
0.083 |
||||
Chiorpromazine |
23-37 |
25 |
20 |
0.5-0.7 |
3-4(PO) 1-2(IM) |
95-98 |
0.46 |
9.3 |
|
克林霉素Clindamycin |
0.29 |
2-2.5 |
90 |
1.2 |
2-10 |
1.0(PO) 3.0(IM) |
90 |
0.37 |
6.9 7.45 |
氯喹Chloroquine |
0.013 |
70-120 |
80-100 |
112 |
6(PO) |
55 |
0.82 |
8.4 |
|
氯硝基安定Chlornitrazepam |
20-60 |
75-90 |
1.5-4.4 |
1-2(PO) |
45 |
0.052 |
10.8 |
||
氯霉素Chloramphenicol |
0.277 |
1.5-4 |
75-90 |
成人0.55-0.98儿童1.1-2.5 |
4-20 |
2-3 (PO) |
60-80 |
0.15 |
5.5 |
氯磺丙脲Chlorpropamide |
36-40 |
0.1-0.2 |
30-140 |
1-2(PO) |
5-10 |
0.0027 |
5.0 |
||
普鲁卡因胺Procainamide |
2.5-4.5 |
75-95 |
1.7-2.2 |
4-8 |
1.0-2(PO)30min(IM) |
15 |
0.4 |
9.2 |
|
卡巴咪嗪Carbamazepine(Tegretol) |
20-60 |
0.8-1.4 |
2-10 |
8 (PO) |
65-83 |
0.036 |
|||
催产素Oxytccin |
5-16min |
0.2 |
4-120(pg/ml) |
30 |
0.83 |
||||
叠氮霉素Azidocillin |
0.866 |
0.6-1.0 |
0.35-0.6 |
83-85 |
0.43 |
2.8 |
|||
0.06 |
11.5 |
≈100 |
4.5 |
0.5-20 |
0.27 |
||||
新霉素Neomycin |
0.35 |
2 |
0.25 |
1.0(IM) |
0.087 |
||||
溴苄胺Bretylium |
0.07 |
10 |
0.2-0.4 |
||||||
脱氧土霉素Doxycycline |
0.03 |
14-25 |
90 |
1-2 |
1-10 |
1-3 (PO) |
25-31 |
0.52 |
3.4 |
沷尼松Prednisone |
0.693 |
1 |
0.5-0.6 |
1.0 (PO) |
54 |
0.38 |
|||
沷尼松龙Prednisolone |
0.217 |
3 |
0.5-0.6 |
1.0 (PO) |
54 |
0.13 |
|||
碳酸锂Lithum carbonate |
0.028 |
25 |
>95 |
0.7 |
0.4-0.7mmol/L |
1-2 (PO) |
0.02 |
6.8 |
|
链霉素Streptomycin |
0.277 |
2-3 |
0.25 |
0.5-3(IM) |
30-35 |
0.07 |
|||
镇痛新Pentazocine |
0.375 |
1.85 |
3 |
0.03-0.1 |
1-3 (PO) 15-60 min (IM) |
60-70 |
1.12 |
11.2 |
|
磺胺Sulfanamide |
0.077 |
9 |
80-85 |
100-150 |
2-4 (PO) |
5-20 |
10.4 |
||
0.099 |
7 |
0.61 |
80-100 |
2-4 (PO) |
80 |
0.06 |
7.4 |
||
磺胺甲基异噁唑(SMZ)Sulfamethoxazole |
0.063 |
8-12 |
85-100 |
0.3 |
90-100 |
2-4 (PO) |
68 |
0.021 |
6 |
磺胺异噁唑(SIZ)Sulfamethoxazole |
0.12 |
16 |
85-100 |
0.15 |
80-150 |
2-4 (PO) |
68 |
0.017 |
6 |
(SD) Sulfaisoxazole |
0.041 |
17 |
85-100 |
0.6 |
2-4 (PO) |
68 |
0.025 |
6.3 |
|
噻吩甲氧头孢菌素Cefoxitin |
0.99 |
0.7 |
90-95 |
0.29 |
0.005-0.01 |
同上 |
45 |
0.29 |
|
噻吗心安Timolol |
2-4 |
72 |
1.8 |
1-2 |
73 |
0.42 |
|||
噻嗪类利尿药Thiazide |
1-4 |
60-90 |
1-3 (PO) |
99 |
医用微量元素参考数据表 | 常见各种中毒症状及解救措施表 |
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