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血清素 (5-羟色胺,5-HT)。
5-羟色氨酸(英语:5-Hydroxytryptophan,5-HTP),(INN商品名:oxitriptan )是一种天然的氨基酸代谢中间产物,同时也是神经递质5-羟色胺与褪黑素的生物合成前体。
5-羟色氨酸在美英以及加拿大以非处方药方式出售,作为帮助抑郁症、厌食症及失眠患者的膳食补充剂,同时也作为治疗重性抑郁障碍的药物在欧洲许多国家销售。[1][2]几个安慰剂双盲临床试验已证明5-HTP有治疗抑郁症的效果[1],但缺乏极显著性[3],需要更进一步的大量临床对照研究[4]。
5-羟色氨酸由芳香族L-氨基酸脱羧酶在维生素B6帮助下脱羧为血清素(5-羟色胺,5-HT)[5]。该反应在神经组织和肝脏细胞中发生[6]。 5-羟色氨酸可以穿过血脑屏障[7],但5-羟色胺不能。过量的5-羟色氨酸会被代谢排出体外,特别是体内存在维生素B6时。[8][9]
5-羟色氨酸对中枢神经系统的作用在于其增加了血清素的生产[10]。
另见
参考文献
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Turner EH, Blackwell AD. 5-Hydroxytryptophan plus SSRIs for interferon-induced depression: synergistic mechanisms for normalizing synaptic serotonin. Medical Hypotheses. 2005, 65 (1): 138–44. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.01.026. PMID 15893130.
- ↑ Swiss Pharmaceutical Society. Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory (Book with CD-ROM). Boca Raton: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. 2000. ISBN 3-88763-075-0.
- ↑ Shaw K, Turner J, Del Mar CShaw, Kelly A. . Tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan for depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online). 2002 (1): CD003198. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003198. PMID 11869656.
- ↑ 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) University of Maryland Medical Center. 2011. Accessed: 9 January 2012.
- ↑ Rahman MK, Nagatsu T, Sakurai T, Hori S, Abe M, Matsuda M. Effect of pyridoxal phosphate deficiency on aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity with L-DOPA and L-5-hydroxytryptophan as substrates in rats. Jpn. J. Pharmacol.. 1982, 32 (5): 803–11. doi:10.1254/jjp.32.803. PMID 6983619.
- ↑ Bouchard, S; Bousquet, C; Roberge, AG. Characteristics of dihydroxyphenylalanine/5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase activity in brain and liver of cat. Journal of Neurochemistry. 1981, 37 (3): 781–7. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb12555.x. PMID 6974228.
- ↑ Gomes P, Soares-da-Silva P.. L-DOPA transport properties in an immortalised cell line of rat capillary cerebral endothelial cells, RBE 4. Brain Res.. 1999, 829 (1–2): 143–150. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01387-6. PMID 18445233.
- ↑ Bouchard S, Roberge AG. Biochemical properties and kinetic parameters of dihydroxyphenylalanine--5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase in brain, liver, and adrenals of cat. Can. J. Biochem.. 1979, 57 (7): 1014–8. doi:10.1139/o79-126. PMID 39668.
- ↑ Amamoto T, Sarai K. On the tryptophan-serotonin metabolism in manic-depressive disorders. Changes in plasma 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels and urinary 5-HIAA excretion following oral loading of L-5HTP in patients with depression. Hiroshima J. Med. Sci.. 1976, 25 (2–3): 135–40. PMID 1088369.
- ↑ 5-HTP: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions and Warnings - WebMD [2009-10-05] (原始内容存档於16 November 2009).
进一步阅读
- den Boer JA, Westenberg HG. Behavioral, neuroendocrine, and biochemical effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan administration in panic disorder. Psychiatry Research. 1990, 31 (3): 267–78. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(90)90096-N. PMID 2139731.
- Angst J, Woggon B, Schoepf J. The treatment of depression with L-5-hydroxytryptophan versus imipramine. Results of two open and one double-blind study. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten. 1977, 224 (2): 175–86. PMID 336002.
- article at Psychology Today
- Turner EH, Loftis JM, Blackwell AD. Serotonin a la carte: supplementation with the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan. Pharmacol. Ther.. 2006, 109 (3): 325–38. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.06.004. PMID 16023217.
- 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) Supplement Information at University of Maryland Medical Center
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Serotonin modulators and stimulators (SMSs)
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Others
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Nonselective
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MAOA-Selective
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MAOB-Selective
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模板:Hypnotics
模板:Serotonergics
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直接衍生物 |
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氨基N-取代
衍生物 |
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氨基N,N-二取代
衍生物 |
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